Leroux-O'Connor Family site

Person Page 903

France

Leroux

Canada

O'Connor

Ireland
Family Explorer

Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland

F, #22551, b. 28 November 1489, d. 18 October 1541

Biography

  • Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland, was born on 28 November 1489 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • James Stuart and she were married on 8 October 1503 at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • She died on 18 October 1541 at age 51 in Perthshire, Scotland+.
  • She was buried in 1541 in Perth, Scotland.
  • Margaret Tudor, Queen of Scotland, was christened on 30 November 1489 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She is/was my 13rd cousin 14x removed

Family: James Stuart (b. 14 March 1473, d. 9 September 1513)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 8 March 2022
Family Explorer

James Stuart

M, #22552, b. 10 April 1512, d. 14 December 1542

Biography

  • James Stuart was born on 10 April 1512 in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland.
  • He and Madeleine de France, Queen of Scotland, were married on 1 January 1537 in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • He and Mary of Guise, Queen of Scotland, were married on 12 June 1538 in Fife, Scotland.
  • He died on 14 December 1542 at age 30 at Falkland Palace in Falkland, Fife, Scotland.
  • He was buried on 14 December 1542 at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • James Stuart was also known as James, V of Scotland.
  • James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was King of Scotland from 9 September 1513 until his death in 1542, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss. His only surviving legitimate child, Mary, Queen of Scots, succeeded him when she was just six days old.
  • James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was King of Scotland from 9 September 1513 until his death in 1542, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss. His only surviving legitimate child, Mary, Queen of Scots, succeeded him when she was just six days old.
  • He was christened on 11 April 1512 in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland.
  • He held the title of King of Scotland from 9 September 1513 to 14 December 1542.
  • He is/was my 12nd cousin 13x removed
Portrait of James aged around 25

Family: Mary of Guise, Queen of Scotland, (b. 22 November 1515, d. 10 July 1560)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 13 December 2021
Family Explorer

Henry, VII, King of England

M, #22553, b. 28 January 1457, d. 21 April 1509

Biography

  • Henry, VII, King of England, was born on 28 January 1457 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
  • He and Elizabeth of York, Queen of England, were married in December 1483.
  • He died on 21 April 1509 at age 52 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He was buried on 11 May 1509 at Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • Henry, VII, King of England, was christened on 25 July 1457 in Pembroke, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
  • He held the title of King of England from 22 August 1485 to 21 April 1509.
  • He held the title of Lord of Ireland from 22 August 1485 to 21 April 1509.
  • He was crowned on 30 October 1485.
  • He is/was my 12nd cousin 15x removed
Henry VII holding a rose and wearing the collar of the Order of the Golden Fleece, by unknown Netherlandish artist, 1505

Family: Elizabeth of York, Queen of England, (b. 11 February 1466, d. 11 February 1503)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 23 February 2022
Family Explorer

Elizabeth of York, Queen of England

F, #22554, b. 11 February 1466, d. 11 February 1503

Biography

  • Elizabeth of York, Queen of England, was born on 11 February 1466 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • Henry, VII, King of England, and she were married in December 1483.
  • She died on 11 February 1503 at age 37 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She was buried on 24 February 1503 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • Elizabeth of York, Queen of England, was christened in February 1466 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She is/was my 14th cousin 13x removed

Family: Henry, VII, King of England, (b. 28 January 1457, d. 21 April 1509)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 31 October 2021
Family Explorer

Mary of Guise, Queen of Scotland

F, #22555, b. 22 November 1515, d. 10 July 1560

Biography

  • Mary of Guise, Queen of Scotland, was born on 22 November 1515 in Bar-le-Duc, Lorraine, France.
  • James Stuart and she were married on 12 June 1538 in Fife, Scotland.
  • She died on 10 July 1560 at age 44 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • She was buried in July 1560 in Reims, Marne, Champagne-Ardenne, France.
  • James V (10 April 1512 – 14 December 1542) was King of Scotland from 9 September 1513 until his death in 1542, which followed the Scottish defeat at the Battle of Solway Moss. His only surviving legitimate child, Mary, Queen of Scots, succeeded him when she was just six days old.
  • Mary of Guise, Queen of Scotland, is/was my spouse of 12nd cousin 13x removed

Family: James Stuart (b. 10 April 1512, d. 14 December 1542)

  • Last Edited: 31 October 2021
Family Explorer

Mary Stuart

F, #22556, b. 8 December 1542, d. 8 February 1587

Biography

  • Mary Stuart was born on 8 December 1542 at Linlithgow Palace in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland.
  • François, II King of France, and she were married on 24 April 1558 at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • Lord Henry Stuart and she were married on 29 July 1565 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell 1st Duke of Orkney, and she were married on 15 May 1567 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • She died (by execution) on 8 February 1587 at age 44 at Fotheringhay Castle in Fotheringhay, Northamptonshire, England.
  • She was buried on 28 October 1612 at Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • Mary Stuart was also known as Mary, Queen of Scotls.
  • She was also known as Mary, I of Scotland.
  • She was also known as Mary ("Bloody Mary"), I.
  • Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
    Mary, the only surviving legitimate child of King James V of Scotland, was six days old when her father died and she acceded to the throne. She spent most of her childhood in France while Scotland was ruled by regents, and in 1558, she married the Dauphin of France, Francis. Mary was queen consort of France from his accession in 1559 until his death in December 1560. Widowed, Mary returned to Scotland, arriving in Leith on 19 August 1561. Four years later, she married her half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and in June 1566 they had a son, James.
    In February 1567, Darnley's residence was destroyed by an explosion, and he was found murdered in the garden. James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell, was generally believed to have orchestrated Darnley's death, but he was acquitted of the charge in April 1567, and the following month he married Mary. Following an uprising against the couple, Mary was imprisoned in Loch Leven Castle. On 24 July 1567, she was forced to abdicate in favour of her one-year-old son. After an unsuccessful attempt to regain the throne, she fled southward seeking the protection of her first cousin once removed Queen Elizabeth I of England.
    Mary had once claimed Elizabeth's throne as her own and was considered the legitimate sovereign of England by many English Catholics, including participants in a rebellion known as the Rising of the North. Perceiving Mary as a threat, Elizabeth had her confined in various castles and manor houses in the interior of England. After eighteen and a half years in custody, Mary was found guilty of plotting to assassinate Elizabeth in 1586 and was beheaded the following year at Fotheringhay Castle. Mary's life, marriages, lineage, alleged involvement in plots against Elizabeth, and subsequent execution established her as a divisive and highly romanticised historical character, depicted in culture for centuries.
  • She was christened after 8 December 1542 in Linlithgow, West Lothian, Scotland.
  • She held the title of Queen of Scotland between 14 December 1542 and 24 July 1567.
  • She held the title of Queen Consort of France from 1559 to 1560.
  • She is/was my 13rd cousin 12x removed
Mary, Queen of Scots - Portrait by François Clouet, c. 1558–1560

Family: Lord Henry Stuart (b. 7 December 1545, d. 10 February 1567)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 20 February 2022
Family Explorer

Lord Henry Stuart

M, #22557, b. 7 December 1545, d. 10 February 1567

Biography

  • Lord Henry Stuart was born on 7 December 1545 in Temple Newsam, Leeds, Yorkshire, England.
  • He and Mary Stuart were married on 29 July 1565 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • He died on 10 February 1567 at age 21 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • He was buried on 14 February 1567 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • Lord Henry Stuart is/was my spouse of 13rd cousin 12x removed

Family: Mary Stuart (b. 8 December 1542, d. 8 February 1587)

  • Last Edited: 13 December 2021
Family Explorer

James Charles Stuart

M, #22558, b. 19 June 1566, d. 27 March 1625

Biography

  • James Charles Stuart was born on 19 June 1566 at Edinburgh Castle in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • He and Anne, of Denmark, Queen of Scotland and England, were married on 23 November 1589 in Copenhagen, København, Denmark.
  • He died on 27 March 1625 at age 58 at Theobalds House in Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England.
  • He was buried on 7 May 1625 at Westminster Abbey in London, Middlesex, England.
  • James Charles Stuart was also known as James, VI of Scotland.
  • He was also known as James, I of England and Ireland.
  • He was also known as James, VI of Scotland and I of England and Ireland.
  • James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until his death in 1625. The kingdoms of Scotland and England were individual sovereign states, with their own parliaments, judiciaries, and laws, though both were ruled by James in personal union.
    James was the son of Mary, Queen of Scots, and a great-great-grandson of Henry VII, King of England and Lord of Ireland, and thus a potential successor to all three thrones. He succeeded to the Scottish throne at the age of thirteen months, after his mother was compelled to abdicate in his favour. Four different regents governed during his minority, which ended officially in 1578, though he did not gain full control of his government until 1583. In 1603, he succeeded the last Tudor monarch of England and Ireland, Elizabeth I, who died childless. He continued to reign in all three kingdoms for 22 years, a period known as the Jacobean era, until his death. After the Union of the Crowns, he based himself in England (the largest of the three realms) from 1603, returning to Scotland only once, in 1617, and styled himself "King of Great Britain and Ireland". He was a major advocate of a single parliament for England and Scotland. In his reign, the Plantation of Ulster and English colonisation of the Americas began.
    At 57 years and 246 days, James's reign in Scotland was the longest of any Scottish monarch. He achieved most of his aims in Scotland but faced great difficulties in England, including the Gunpowder Plot in 1605 and repeated conflicts with the English Parliament. Under James, the "Golden Age" of Elizabethan literature and drama continued, with writers such as William Shakespeare, John Donne, Ben Jonson, and Sir Francis Bacon contributing to a flourishing literary culture.[1] James himself was a talented writer, authoring works such as Daemonologie (1597), The True Law of Free Monarchies (1598), and Basilikon Doron (1599). He sponsored the translation of the Bible into English later named after him, the Authorized King James Version.[2] Sir Anthony Weldon claimed that James had been termed "the wisest fool in Christendom", an epithet associated with his character ever since.[3] Since the latter half of the 20th century, historians have tended to revise James's reputation and treat him as a serious and thoughtful monarch.[4] He was strongly committed to a peace policy, and tried to avoid involvement in religious wars, especially the Thirty Years' War that devastated much of Central Europe. He tried but failed to prevent the rise of hawkish elements in the English Parliament who wanted war with Spain.[5] He was succeeded by his second son, Charles.
  • He was christened on 27 December 1566 at Stirling Castle in Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland.
  • He held the title of King of Scotland (James VI) from 24 July 1567 to 27 March 1625.
  • He held the title of King of England and Ireland (James I) from 24 March 1603 to 27 March 1625.
  • He is/was my 14th cousin 11x removed
James VI and I - Portrait attributed to John de Critz, c. 1605

Family: Anne, of Denmark, Queen of Scotland and England, (b. 14 October 1574, d. 4 March 1619)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 19 December 2021
Family Explorer

François, II King of France

M, #22559, b. 19 January 1544, d. 5 December 1560

Biography

  • François, II King of France, was born on 19 January 1544 at Château de Fontainebleau in Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, France.
  • He and Mary Stuart were married on 24 April 1558 at Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • He died on 5 December 1560 at age 16 in Orléans, Centre-Val de Loire, France.
  • He was buried on 23 December 1560 in St-Denis, Seine-St-Denis, Île-de-France, France.
  • François, II King of France, was also known as Francois, II.
  • He was also known as Frances, II King of France.
  • Francis II (French: François II; 19 January 1544 – 5 December 1560) was King of France from 1559 to 1560. He was also King consort of Scotland as a result of his marriage to Mary, Queen of Scots, from 1558 until his death in 1560.
    He ascended the throne of France at age 15 after the accidental death of his father, Henry II, in 1559. His short reign was dominated by the first stirrings of the French Wars of Religion.
    Although the royal age of majority was 14, his mother, Catherine de' Medici, entrusted the reins of government to his wife Mary's uncles from the House of Guise, staunch supporters of the Catholic cause. They were unable to help Catholics in Scotland against the progressing Scottish Reformation, however, and the Auld Alliance was dissolved.
    Francis was succeeded by two of his brothers in turn, both of whom were also unable to reduce tensions between Protestants and Catholics.
  • He was christened on 10 February 1544 in Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne, France.
  • He held the title of King consort of Scotland between 24 April 1558 and 5 December 1560.
  • He held the title of King of France between 10 July 1559 and 5 December 1560.
  • He was crowned on 21 September 1559.
  • He is/was my 16th cousin 11x removed
Portrait of Francois II by François Clouet

Parents

  • Last Edited: 20 March 2022
Family Explorer

Anne, of Denmark, Queen of Scotland and England

F, #22560, b. 14 October 1574, d. 4 March 1619

Biography

  • Anne, of Denmark, Queen of Scotland and England, was born on 14 October 1574 in Jutland Peninsula, Denmark.
  • James Charles Stuart and she were married on 23 November 1589 in Copenhagen, København, Denmark.
  • She died on 4 March 1619 at age 44 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She was buried on 13 May 1619 at King Henry's Chapel Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • Anne, of Denmark, Queen of Scotland and England, is/was my spouse of 14th cousin 11x removed

Family: James Charles Stuart (b. 19 June 1566, d. 27 March 1625)

  • Last Edited: 26 February 2022
Family Explorer

Charles Stuart

M, #22561, b. 19 November 1600, d. 30 January 1649

Biography

  • Charles Stuart was born on 19 November 1600 at Dunfermline Palace in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland.
  • He and Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England and Scotland, were married on 11 May 1625 in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • He died (Executed) on 30 January 1649 at age 48 at Palace of Whitehal in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He was buried on 7 February 1649 at St-George's Chapel in Windsor, Berkshire, England.
  • Charles Stuart was also known as Charles, I of England, Scotland and Ireland.
  • He was also known as Charles, I of England.
  • Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603 (as James I), he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 on the death of his elder brother Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France.
    After his succession in 1625, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings, and was determined to govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated antipathy and mistrust from Reformed religious groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views were too Catholic. He supported high church Anglican ecclesiastics such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to aid continental Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall.
    From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament (the "Long Parliament"). Charles refused to accept his captors' demands for a constitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 the Parliamentarian New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and the Commonwealth of England was established as a republic. The monarchy would be restored to Charles's son, Charles II, in 1660.
  • He was christened on 23 December 1600 at Holyrood Castle in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • He held the title of King of England and Ireland from 27 March 1625 to 30 January 1649.
  • He held the title of King of Scotland from 27 March 1625 to 30 January 1649.
  • He was crowned on 2 February 1626 at Westminster Abbey in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He was crowned on 18 June 1633 at Holyrood Abbey in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • He is/was my 15th cousin 10x removed
Portrait from the studio of Anthony van Dyck, 1636

Family: Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England and Scotland, (b. 25 November 1609, d. 10 September 1669)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 11 March 2022
Family Explorer

Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England and Scotland

F, #22562, b. 25 November 1609, d. 10 September 1669

Biography

  • Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England and Scotland, was born on 25 November 1609 at Louvre in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • Charles Stuart and she were married on 11 May 1625 in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • She died on 10 September 1669 at age 59 in Colombes, Hautes de Seine, France.
  • She was buried in 1669 in St-Denis, Seine-St-Denis, Île-de-France, France.
  • Henrietta Maria of France, Queen of England and Scotland, is/was my 18th cousin 9x removed

Family: Charles Stuart (b. 19 November 1600, d. 30 January 1649)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 31 October 2021
Family Explorer

Charles Stuart

M, #22563, b. 29 May 1630, d. 6 February 1685

Biography

  • Charles Stuart was born on 29 May 1630 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He and Catarina de Bragança were married on 14 May 1662.
  • He died on 6 February 1685 at age 54 at Palace of Whitehal in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He was buried on 14 February 1685 at Henry VII Chapel Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • Charles Stuart was also known as Charles, II Of Scotland.
  • He was also known as Charles, II of England, Scotland and Ireland.
  • He was also known as Charles, II of England.
  • Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685)[c] was King of Scotland from 1649 until 1651, and King of Scotland, England and Ireland from the 1660 Restoration of the monarchy until his death in 1685.
    Charles II was the eldest surviving child of Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland and Henrietta Maria of France. After Charles I's execution at Whitehall on 30 January 1649, at the climax of the English Civil War, the Parliament of Scotland proclaimed Charles II king on 5 February 1649. But England entered the period known as the English Interregnum or the English Commonwealth, and the country was a de facto republic led by Oliver Cromwell. Cromwell defeated Charles II at the Battle of Worcester on 3 September 1651, and Charles fled to mainland Europe. Cromwell became virtual dictator of England, Scotland and Ireland. Charles spent the next nine years in exile in France, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Netherlands. The political crisis that followed Cromwell's death in 1658 resulted in the restoration of the monarchy, and Charles was invited to return to Britain. On 29 May 1660, his 30th birthday, he was received in London to public acclaim. After 1660, all legal documents stating a regnal year did so as if he had succeeded his father as king in 1649.
    Charles's English parliament enacted laws known as the Clarendon Code, designed to shore up the position of the re-established Church of England. Charles acquiesced to the Clarendon Code even though he favoured a policy of religious tolerance. The major foreign policy issue of his early reign was the Second Anglo-Dutch War. In 1670, he entered into the Treaty of Dover, an alliance with his cousin King Louis XIV of France. Louis agreed to aid him in the Third Anglo-Dutch War and pay him a pension, and Charles secretly promised to convert to Catholicism at an unspecified future date. Charles attempted to introduce religious freedom for Catholics and Protestant dissenters with his 1672 Royal Declaration of Indulgence, but the English Parliament forced him to withdraw it. In 1679, Titus Oates's revelations of a supposed Popish Plot sparked the Exclusion Crisis when it was revealed that Charles's brother and heir presumptive, James, Duke of York, had become a Roman Catholic. The crisis saw the birth of the pro-exclusion Whig and anti-exclusion Tory parties. Charles sided with the Tories, and after the discovery of the Rye House Plot to murder Charles and James in 1683, some Whig leaders were executed or forced into exile. Charles dissolved the English Parliament in 1681 and ruled alone until his death in 1685. He was allegedly received into the Catholic Church on his deathbed.
    Traditionally considered one of the most popular English kings, Charles is known as the Merry Monarch, a reference to the liveliness and hedonism of his court. He acknowledged at least 12 illegitimate children by various mistresses, but left no legitimate children and was succeeded by his brother, James.
  • Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603 (as James I), he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 on the death of his elder brother Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France.
    After his succession in 1625, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings, and was determined to govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated antipathy and mistrust from Reformed religious groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views were too Catholic. He supported high church Anglican ecclesiastics such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to aid continental Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall.
    From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament (the "Long Parliament"). Charles refused to accept his captors' demands for a constitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 the Parliamentarian New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and the Commonwealth of England was established as a republic. The monarchy would be restored to Charles's son, Charles II, in 1660.
  • He was christened on 27 June 1630 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He held the title of King of Scotland from 30 January 1649 to 3 September 1651.
  • He held the title of King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 9 May 1660 to 6 February 1685.
  • He is/was my 16th cousin 9x removed
Charles in Garter robes by John Michael Wright or studio, c. 1660–1665

Family 1: Lucy Walter (b. 1630, d. 6 December 1658)

Family 2: Elizabeth Killigrew, Viscountess of Shannon, (b. 16 May 1622, d. 4 January 1680)

Family 3: Catherine Pegge (b. 1635, d. before 10 March 1678)

Family 4: Barbara Villiers (b. 1641, d. 9 October 1709)

Family 5: Eleanor Nell Gwyn (b. 2 February 1650, d. 14 November 1687)

Family 6: Louise Renee Kérouaille (b. September 1649, d. 14 November 1734)

Family 7: Mary Moll Davies (b. 2 February 1649, d. 1708)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 18 December 2021
Family Explorer

James Stuart

M, #22564, b. 14 October 1633, d. 16 September 1701

Biography

  • James Stuart was born on 14 October 1633 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He and Anne Hyde were married on 3 September 1660 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He and Mary Of Modena were married on 30 September 1673 in Dover, Kent, England.
  • He died on 16 September 1701 at age 67 in St-Germain-en-Laye, Yvelines, Île-De-France, France.
  • He was buried on 26 September 1701 in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • James Stuart was also known as James, II of England.
  • He was also known as James, VII of Scotland.
  • He was also known as James, II and VII of England, Scotland and Ireland.
  • James II and VII (14 October 1633O.S. – 16 September 1701) was King of England and King of Ireland as James II, and King of Scotland as James VII from the death of his elder brother, Charles II, on 6 February 1685. He was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. He was the last Catholic monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His reign is now remembered primarily for struggles over religious tolerance, however, it also involved struggles over the principles of absolutism and the divine right of kings. His deposition ended a century of political and civil strife by confirming the primacy of Parliament over the Crown.
    James inherited the thrones of England, Ireland, and Scotland from his brother with widespread support in all three countries, largely because the principles of eligibility based on divine right and birth were widely accepted. Tolerance for his personal Catholicism did not extend to tolerance towards Catholicism in general, and the English and Scottish Parliaments refused to pass his measures. When James attempted to impose them by decree, this was met with opposition; thus it was a political principle, rather than a religious one, that ultimately led to his removal.
    In June 1688, two events turned dissent into a crisis; the first, on 10 June, was the birth of James's son and heir James Francis Edward, which raised the prospect of initiating a Roman Catholic dynasty and excluding his Anglican daughter Mary and her Protestant husband William III of Orange. The second was the prosecution of the Seven Bishops for seditious libel; this was viewed as an assault on the Church of England and their acquittal on 30 June destroyed his political authority in England. The anti-Catholic riots in England and Scotland that ensued led to a general feeling that only his removal from the throne could prevent a civil war.
    Leading members of the English political class invited William of Orange to assume the English throne; after he landed in Brixham on 5 November 1688, James's army deserted, and he went into exile in France on 23 December. In February 1689, a special Convention Parliament held that the king had "vacated" the English throne and installed William and Mary as joint monarchs, thereby establishing the principle that sovereignty derived from Parliament, not birth. James landed in Ireland on 14 March 1689 in an attempt to recover his kingdoms but, despite a simultaneous rising in Scotland, in April a Scottish Convention followed that of England, both finding that James had "forfeited" the throne and offered it to William and Mary. After his defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in July 1690, James returned to France, where he spent the rest of his life in exile at Saint-Germain, protected by Louis XIV. His opponents often portrayed him as an absolutist tyrant. By contrast, beginning in the 20th century, some historians praised him for advocating religious tolerance. More recent scholarship has tended to take a middle ground between these views.
  • He was christened on 24 November 1633 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He held the title of King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 6 February 1685 to 23 December 1688.
  • He was crowned on 22 April 1685 at Whitehall Palace - Westminster in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He was crowned on 23 April 1685 at Westminster Abbey in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He was crowned on 23 April 1685 at Westminster Abbey in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He is/was my 16th cousin 9x removed
Portrait of James II and VII by Sir Peter Lely

Family 1: Anne Hyde (b. 12 March 1637, d. 31 March 1671)

Family 2: Arabella Churchill (b. 23 February 1648, d. 30 May 1730)

Family 3: Mary Of Modena (b. 5 October 1658, d. 7 May 1718)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 11 March 2022
Family Explorer

Catarina de Bragança

F, #22565, b. 25 November 1638, d. 30 December 1705

Biography

  • Catarina de Bragança was born on 25 November 1638 in Vila Viçosa, Vila Viçosa, Portugal.
  • Charles Stuart and she were married on 14 May 1662.
  • She died on 30 December 1705 at age 67 in Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
  • She was buried in 1706 in Lisbon, Lisboa, Portugal.
  • Catarina de Bragança was also known as Queen Catarina de Bragança, of Scotland, England and Ireland.
  • She held the title of Queen of Scotland, England and Ireland.
  • Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. He was born into the House of Stuart as the second son of King James VI of Scotland, but after his father inherited the English throne in 1603 (as James I), he moved to England, where he spent much of the rest of his life. He became heir apparent to the three kingdoms of England, Scotland, and Ireland in 1612 on the death of his elder brother Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales. An unsuccessful and unpopular attempt to marry him to the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Anna culminated in an eight-month visit to Spain in 1623 that demonstrated the futility of the marriage negotiations. Two years later, he married the Bourbon princess Henrietta Maria of France.
    After his succession in 1625, Charles quarrelled with the Parliament of England, which sought to curb his royal prerogative. Charles believed in the divine right of kings, and was determined to govern according to his own conscience. Many of his subjects opposed his policies, in particular the levying of taxes without parliamentary consent, and perceived his actions as those of a tyrannical absolute monarch. His religious policies, coupled with his marriage to a Roman Catholic, generated antipathy and mistrust from Reformed religious groups such as the English Puritans and Scottish Covenanters, who thought his views were too Catholic. He supported high church Anglican ecclesiastics such as Richard Montagu and William Laud, and failed to aid continental Protestant forces successfully during the Thirty Years' War. His attempts to force the Church of Scotland to adopt high Anglican practices led to the Bishops' Wars, strengthened the position of the English and Scottish parliaments, and helped precipitate his own downfall.
    From 1642, Charles fought the armies of the English and Scottish parliaments in the English Civil War. After his defeat in 1645, he surrendered to a Scottish force that eventually handed him over to the English Parliament (the "Long Parliament"). Charles refused to accept his captors' demands for a constitutional monarchy, and temporarily escaped captivity in November 1647. Re-imprisoned on the Isle of Wight, Charles forged an alliance with Scotland, but by the end of 1648 the Parliamentarian New Model Army had consolidated its control over England. Charles was tried, convicted, and executed for high treason in January 1649. The monarchy was abolished and the Commonwealth of England was established as a republic. The monarchy would be restored to Charles's son, Charles II, in 1660.
  • She was christened on 12 December 1638 in Portugal.
  • She is/was my spouse of 16th cousin 9x removed
Family Explorer

Anne Hyde

F, #22566, b. 12 March 1637, d. 31 March 1671

Biography

  • Anne Hyde was born on 12 March 1637 in Cranborne Chase, Berkshire, England+.
  • James Stuart and she were married on 3 September 1660 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She died on 31 March 1671 at age 34 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She was buried on 5 April 1671 at Vault of Mary Queen of Scots, King Henry VII’s Lady Chapel, Westminster Abbey, in London, Middlesex, England.
  • Anne Hyde was christened on 22 March 1638 in Cranborne Chase, Berkshire, England+.
  • She is/was my spouse of 16th cousin 9x removed

Family: James Stuart (b. 14 October 1633, d. 16 September 1701)

  • Last Edited: 31 October 2021
Family Explorer

Mary Stuart

F, #22567, b. 30 April 1662, d. 28 December 1694

Biography

  • Mary Stuart was born on 30 April 1662 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • William Henry and she were married on 4 November 1677 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She died on 28 December 1694 at age 32 in Middlesex, England.
  • She was buried on 5 March 1695 at Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • Mary Stuart was also known as Mary, II of England.
  • Mary II (30 April 1662 – 28 December 1694) was Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland, co-reigning with her husband, William III & II, from 1689 until her death in 1694.
    Mary was the eldest daughter of James, Duke of York, and his first wife Anne Hyde. Mary and her sister Anne were raised as Anglicans at the behest of their uncle, King Charles II, although their parents both converted to Roman Catholicism. Charles lacked legitimate children, making Mary second in the line of succession. She married her Protestant first cousin, William of Orange, in 1677. Charles died in 1685 and James took the throne, making Mary heir presumptive. James's attempts at rule by decree and the birth of his son from a second marriage, James Francis Edward, led to his deposition in the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and the adoption of the English Bill of Rights.
    William and Mary became king and queen regnant. Mary mostly deferred to William, a renowned military leader and principal opponent of Louis XIV, when he was in England. She did, however, act alone when William was engaged in military campaigns abroad, proving herself to be a powerful, firm, and effective ruler. Mary's death from smallpox at the age of 32 left William as sole ruler until his death in 1702, when he was succeeded by Mary's sister, Anne.
  • She was christened on 9 May 1662 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She held the title of Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 28 December 1694.
  • She is/was my 17th cousin 8x removed
Mary II - Portrait by Godfrey Kneller, 1690

Parents

  • Father: James Stuart (b. 14 October 1633, d. 16 September 1701)
  • Mother: Anne Hyde (b. 12 March 1637, d. 31 March 1671)
  • Last Edited: 19 December 2021
Family Explorer

William Henry

M, #22568, b. 4 November 1650, d. 8 March 1702

Biography

  • William Henry was born on 4 November 1650 at Binnenhof in The Hague, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
  • He and Mary Stuart were married on 4 November 1677 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He died on 8 March 1702 at age 51 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He was buried on 12 April 1702 at Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • William Henry was also known as William, III King of England.
  • William III (William Henry; Dutch: Willem Hendrik; 4 November 1650 – 8 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from the 1670s, and King of England, Ireland, and Scotland from 1689 until his death in 1702. As King of Scotland, he is known as William II. He is sometimes informally known as "King Billy" in Ireland and Scotland.[2] His victory at the Battle of the Boyne in 1690 is commemorated by Unionists, who display orange colours in his honour. He ruled Britain alongside his wife and cousin Queen Mary II, and popular histories usually refer to their reign as that of "William and Mary".
    William was the only child of William II, Prince of Orange, and Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, the daughter of Charles I of England, Scotland, and Ireland. His father died a week before his birth, making William III the Prince of Orange from birth. In 1677, he married Mary, the eldest daughter of his maternal uncle James, Duke of York, the younger brother of Charles II of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The Protestant William participated in several wars against the powerful Catholic French ruler Louis XIV in coalition with both Protestant and Catholic powers in Europe. Many Protestants heralded William as a champion of their faith. In 1685, his Catholic uncle and father-in-law, James, became king of England, Scotland, and Ireland. James's reign was unpopular with the Protestant majority in Britain, who feared a revival of Catholicism. Supported by a group of influential British political and religious leaders, William invaded England in what became known as the Glorious Revolution. In 1688, he landed at the south-western English port of Brixham. Shortly afterwards, James was deposed.
    William's reputation as a staunch Protestant enabled him and his wife to take power. During the early years of his reign, William was occupied abroad with the Nine Years' War (1688–1697), leaving Mary to govern Britain alone. She died in 1694. In 1696 the Jacobites, a faction loyal to the deposed James, plotted unsuccessfully to assassinate William and restore James to the throne. William's lack of children and the death in 1700 of his nephew Prince William, Duke of Gloucester, the son of his sister-in-law Anne, threatened the Protestant succession. The danger was averted by placing distant relatives, the Protestant Hanoverians, in line to the throne with the Act of Settlement 1701. Upon his death in 1702, the king was succeeded in Britain by Anne and as titular Prince of Orange by his cousin John William Friso, beginning the Second Stadtholderless period.
  • He held the title of Prince of Orange from 4 November 1650 to 8 March 1702.
  • He held the title of Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel from 4 July 1672 to 8 March 1702.
  • He held the title of King of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 8 March 1702.
  • He is/was my spouse of 17th cousin 8x removed
  • Last Edited: 2 February 2022
Family Explorer

Anne Stuart

F, #22569, b. 6 February 1665, d. 1 August 1714

Biography

  • Anne Stuart was born on 6 February 1665 at St-James Palace in London, Middlesex, England.
  • George, of Denmark - Prince Consort of England, and she were married on 28 July 1683 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She died on 1 August 1714 at age 49 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She was buried on 24 August 1714 at Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • Anne Stuart was also known as Anne, I of England.
  • She was also known as Anne, I of Great Briton.
  • Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714)[a] was Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland between 8 March 1702 and 1 May 1707. On 1 May 1707, under the Acts of Union, the kingdoms of England and Scotland united as a single sovereign state known as Great Britain. She continued to reign as Queen of Great Britain and Ireland until her death in 1714.
    Anne was born in the reign of Charles II to his younger brother and heir presumptive, James, whose suspected Roman Catholicism was unpopular in England. On Charles's instructions, Anne and her elder sister, Mary, were raised as Anglicans. Mary married their Dutch Protestant cousin, William III of Orange, in 1677, and Anne married Prince George of Denmark in 1683. On Charles's death in 1685, James succeeded to the throne, but just three years later he was deposed in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Mary and William became joint monarchs. Although the sisters had been close, disagreements over Anne's finances, status, and choice of acquaintances arose shortly after Mary's accession and they became estranged. William and Mary had no children. After Mary's death in 1694, William reigned alone until his own death in 1702, when Anne succeeded him.
    During her reign, Anne favoured moderate Tory politicians, who were more likely to share her Anglican religious views than their opponents, the Whigs. The Whigs grew more powerful during the course of the War of the Spanish Succession, until 1710 when Anne dismissed many of them from office. Her close friendship with Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, turned sour as the result of political differences. The Duchess took revenge with an unflattering description of the Queen in her memoirs, which was widely accepted by historians until Anne was re-assessed in the late 20th century.
    Anne was plagued by ill health throughout her life, and from her thirties she grew increasingly ill and obese. Despite seventeen pregnancies, she died without surviving issue and was the last monarch of the House of Stuart. Under the Act of Settlement 1701, which excluded all Catholics, she was succeeded by her second cousin George I of the House of Hanover.
  • She was christened on 16 February 1665 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She held the title of Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland from 8 March 1702 to 1 May 1707.
  • She was crowned on 23 April 1702 at Westminster Abbey in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She held the title of Queen of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 May 1707 to 1 August 1714.
  • She is/was my 17th cousin 8x removed
Portrait of Queen Anne by Michael Dahl, 1705

Family: George, of Denmark - Prince Consort of England, (b. 2 April 1653, d. 28 October 1708)

Parents

  • Father: James Stuart (b. 14 October 1633, d. 16 September 1701)
  • Mother: Anne Hyde (b. 12 March 1637, d. 31 March 1671)
  • Last Edited: 11 March 2022
Family Explorer

George, of Denmark - Prince Consort of England

M, #22570, b. 2 April 1653, d. 28 October 1708

Biography

  • George, of Denmark - Prince Consort of England, was born on 2 April 1653 in Copenhagen, København, Denmark.
  • He and Anne Stuart were married on 28 July 1683 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He died on 28 October 1708 at age 55 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He was buried on 13 November 1708 at Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • George, of Denmark - Prince Consort of England, is/was my spouse of 17th cousin 8x removed

Family: Anne Stuart (b. 6 February 1665, d. 1 August 1714)

  • Last Edited: 26 February 2022
Family Explorer

Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia

F, #22571, b. 19 August 1596, d. 13 February 1662

Biography

  • Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, was born on 19 August 1596 in Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland.
  • Frederick V and I, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, and she were married on 14 February 1613 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She died on 13 February 1662 at age 65 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She was buried on 17 February 1662 at Westminster Abbey in Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England.
  • Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, was christened on 28 November 1596 in Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland.
  • She is/was my 15th cousin 10x removed

Family: Frederick V and I, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, (b. 26 August 1596, d. 29 November 1632)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 31 October 2021
Family Explorer

Frederick V and I, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia

M, #22572, b. 26 August 1596, d. 29 November 1632

Biography

  • Frederick V and I, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, was born on 26 August 1596 in Lauterhofen, Germany.
  • He and Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, were married on 14 February 1613 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He died on 29 November 1632 at age 36 in Mainz, Germany.
  • He was buried in November 1632 in Oppenheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany.
  • Frederick V and I, Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia, was christened on 6 October 1596 in Amberg, Luxembourg.
  • He is/was my spouse of 15th cousin 10x removed

Family: Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia, (b. 19 August 1596, d. 13 February 1662)

  • Last Edited: 31 October 2021
Family Explorer

Sophia, of the Palatine, Electress of Hanover

F, #22573, b. 14 October 1630, d. 8 June 1714

Biography

  • Sophia, of the Palatine, Electress of Hanover, was born on 14 October 1630 in The Hague, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
  • Ernest Augustus Guelph, Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, aka Elector of Hanover, and she were married on 30 September 1658 in Heidelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.
  • She died on 8 June 1714 at age 83 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • She was buried on 9 June 1714 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • Sophia, of the Palatine, Electress of Hanover, held the title of Electress of Hanover.
  • She was christened on 23 October 1630 in The Hague, Zuid-Holland, Netherlands.
  • She is/was my 16th cousin 9x removed

Family: Ernest Augustus Guelph, Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, aka Elector of Hanover, (b. 20 November 1629, d. 23 January 1698)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 26 February 2022
Family Explorer

Ernest Augustus Guelph, Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, aka Elector of Hanover

M, #22574, b. 20 November 1629, d. 23 January 1698

Biography

  • Ernest Augustus Guelph, Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, aka Elector of Hanover, was born on 20 November 1629 in Herzberg am Harz, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • He and Sophia, of the Palatine, Electress of Hanover, were married on 30 September 1658 in Heidelberg, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany.
  • He died on 23 January 1698 at age 68 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • He was buried on 18 March 1698 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • Ernest Augustus Guelph, Prince-Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg, aka Elector of Hanover, is/was my spouse of 16th cousin 9x removed

Family: Sophia, of the Palatine, Electress of Hanover, (b. 14 October 1630, d. 8 June 1714)

  • Last Edited: 26 February 2022
Family Explorer

George Louis

M, #22575, b. 28 May 1660, d. 11 June 1727

Biography

  • George Louis was born on 28 May 1660 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • He and Sophia Dorothea, of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover, were married on 22 November 1682 in Celle, Lower Saxony, Germany.
  • He died on 11 June 1727 at age 67 at Schloss Osnabrück, Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück, in Osnabrück, Germany.
  • He was buried on 4 August 1727 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • George Louis was also known as George, I of Great Britain and Ireland.
  • George I (George Louis; German: Georg Ludwig; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 and ruler of the Duchy and Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) within the Holy Roman Empire from 23 January 1698 until his death in 1727. He was the first British monarch of the House of Hanover.
    Born in Hanover to Ernest Augustus and Sophia of Hanover, George inherited the titles and lands of the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg from his father and uncles. A succession of European wars expanded his German domains during his lifetime; he was ratified as prince-elector of Hanover in 1708. After the deaths in 1714 of his mother, and his second cousin Anne, Queen of Great Britain, George ascended the British throne as Anne's closest living Protestant relative under the Act of Settlement 1701. Jacobites attempted, but failed, to depose George and replace him with James Francis Edward Stuart, Anne's Catholic half-brother.
    During George's reign, the powers of the monarchy diminished and Britain began a transition to the modern system of cabinet government led by a prime minister. Towards the end of his reign, actual political power was held by Robert Walpole, now recognised as Britain's first de facto prime minister. George died of a stroke on a trip to his native Hanover, where he was buried. He is the most recent British monarch to be buried outside the United Kingdom.
  • He was naturalized in 1705.
  • He held the title of King of Great Britain and Ireland from 1 August 1714 to 11 June 1727.
  • He was crowned on 20 October 1714 at Westminster Abbey in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He is/was my 17th cousin 8x removed
Portrait from the studio of Sir Godfrey Kneller, 1714

Family: Sophia Dorothea, of Celle, Electoral Princess of Hanover, (b. 15 September 1666, d. 13 November 1726)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 11 March 2022
Back
Compiler: Marc Leroux
Site updated on 20 April 2022 at 4:53 PM; 22,602 people
Page created by John Cardinal's GedSite v4.06