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Stillborn Child Hanover

U, #22951, b. 5 September 1819, d. 5 September 1819

Biography

  • Stillborn Child Hanover was born on 5 September 1819.
  • He/she died on 5 September 1819 at age 0.
  • Stillborn Child Hanover is/was my 22nd cousin 3x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 20 February 2022
Family Explorer

Princess Charlotte Augusta Louisa Hannover

F, #22952, b. 27 March 1819, d. 27 March 1819

Biography

  • Princess Charlotte Augusta Louisa Hannover was born on 27 March 1819 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • She died on 27 March 1819 at age 0 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • She was buried in 1819 in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • Princess Charlotte Augusta Louisa Hannover was christened on 27 March 1819 at Fuerstenhof in Hanover, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • She is/was my 22nd cousin 3x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 20 February 2022
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Prince John Charles of England

M, #22953, b. 12 July 1905, d. 18 January 1919

Biography

  • Prince John Charles of England was born on 12 July 1905 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
  • He died on 18 January 1919 at age 13 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
  • He was buried in 1919 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
  • Prince John Charles of England was christened on 3 August 1905 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
  • He is/was my 25th cousin

Parents

  • Last Edited: 20 February 2022
Family Explorer

Princess Mary of England

F, #22954, b. 25 April 1897, d. 28 March 1965

Biography

  • Princess Mary of England was born on 25 April 1897 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
  • She died on 28 March 1965 at age 67 in Harewood, Yorkshire, England.
  • She was buried on 1 April 1965 in Harewood, Yorkshire, England.
  • Princess Mary of England was christened on 7 June 1897 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
  • She is/was my 25th cousin

Parents

  • Last Edited: 20 February 2022
Family Explorer

Prince George of England, Duke of Kent

M, #22955, b. 20 December 1902, d. 25 August 1942

Biography

  • Prince George of England, Duke of Kent, was born on 20 December 1902 in Sandringham, Norfolk, England.
  • He died on 25 August 1942 at age 39 in Dunbeath, Caithness, Scotland.
  • He was buried on 29 August 1942 in Windsor, Berkshire, England.
  • Prince George of England, Duke of Kent, was christened on 26 January 1903 in Windsor, Berkshire, England.
  • He is/was my 25th cousin

Parents

  • Last Edited: 20 February 2022
Family Explorer

Henry William Frederick Albert Windsor

M, #22956, b. 31 March 1900, d. 10 June 1974

Biography

  • Henry William Frederick Albert Windsor was born on 31 March 1900 in King's Lynn, Norfolk, England.
  • He and Alice Christabel Montagu-Douglas Scott were married on 6 November 1935 at Buckingham Palace in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He died on 10 June 1974 at age 74 in Barnwell, Northamptonshire, England.
  • He was buried on 14 June 1974 in Windsor, Berkshire, England.
  • William was the grandson of George V and the present queen’s first cousin; he was once as high as fourth in line to the British throne. It is possible that the Prince of Wales named his first son, William Duke of Cambridge, after him.
    William suffered from porphyria (the same disease believed to have made George III mad), but he was an excellent sportsman and enjoyed an adventurous life. He owned several aircraft, skied, drove sports cars, went ballooning, and trekked across the Sahara Desert despite the skin condition brought on by the illness. His most dangerous hobby, however, was his love of racing aircraft. In August 1972, he was competing at the Goodyear International Air Trophy when, shortly after take-off, his plane banked left, clipped a tree, and crashed. He and his co-pilot died instantly.
  • Henry William Frederick Albert Windsor was christened on 17 May 1900 in Windsor, Berkshire, England.
  • He is/was my 25th cousin

Family: Alice Christabel Montagu-Douglas Scott (b. 25 December 1901, d. 29 October 2004)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 22 March 2022
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William Ætheling, Duke of Normandy

M, #22957, b. 5 August 1103, d. 25 November 1120

Biography

  • William Ætheling, Duke of Normandy, was born on 5 August 1103 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.
  • He died on 25 November 1120 at age 17 in sea off Barfleur, France.
  • William Ætheling, Duke of Normandy, is/was my 1st cousin 26x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
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Richard Ætheling

M, #22958, b. 1105, d. 25 November 1120

Biography

  • Richard Ætheling was born in 1105.
  • He died on 25 November 1120 at age ~15.
  • Richard Ætheling is/was my 1st cousin 26x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Matilda, of England

F, #22959, b. 7 February 1102, d. 10 September 1167

Biography

  • Matilda, of England, was born on 7 February 1102 in Sutton, Yorkshire, England.
  • Geoffroy V Plantagenêt, Comte d'Anjou et de Touraine, and she were married on 22 May 1127 in Poitou, France.
  • She died on 10 September 1167 at age 65 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.
  • She was buried after 10 September 1167 at Rouen Cathedral in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.
  • Matilda, of England, was also known as Empress Maud.
  • She was also known as Empress Matilda.
  • Empress Matilda (c. 7 February 1102 – 10 September 1167), also known as the Empress Maude, was one of the claimants to the English throne during the civil war known as the Anarchy. The daughter of King Henry I of England, she moved to Germany as a child when she married the future Holy Roman Emperor Henry V. She travelled with her husband to Italy in 1116, was controversially crowned in St Peter's Basilica, and acted as the imperial regent in Italy. Matilda and Henry V had no children, and when he died in 1125, the imperial crown was claimed by his rival Lothair of Supplinburg.
    Matilda's younger brother, William Adelin, died in the White Ship disaster of 1120, leaving Matilda's father and realm facing a potential succession crisis. On Emperor Henry V's death, Matilda was recalled to Normandy by her father, who arranged for her to marry Geoffrey of Anjou to form an alliance to protect his southern borders. Henry I had no further legitimate children and nominated Matilda as his heir, making his court swear an oath of loyalty to her and her successors, but the decision was not popular in the Anglo-Norman court. Henry died in 1135, but Matilda and Geoffrey faced opposition from Anglo-Norman barons. The throne was instead taken by Matilda's cousin Stephen of Blois, who enjoyed the backing of the English Church. Stephen took steps to solidify his new regime but faced threats both from neighbouring powers and from opponents within his kingdom.
    In 1139, Matilda crossed to England to take the kingdom by force, supported by her half-brother Robert of Gloucester and her uncle King David I of Scotland, while her husband, Geoffrey, focused on conquering Normandy. Matilda's forces captured Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, but the Empress's attempt to be crowned at Westminster collapsed in the face of bitter opposition from the London crowds. As a result of this retreat, Matilda was never formally declared Queen of England, and was instead titled "Lady of the English" (Latin: domina Anglorum). Robert was captured following the Rout of Winchester in 1141, and Matilda agreed to exchange him for Stephen. Matilda became trapped in Oxford Castle by Stephen's forces that winter, and to avoid capture was forced to escape at night across the frozen River Isis to Abingdon, reputedly wearing white as camouflage in the snow. The war degenerated into a stalemate, with Matilda controlling much of the south-west of England, and Stephen the south-east and the Midlands. Large parts of the rest of the country were in the hands of local, independent barons.
    Matilda returned to Normandy, now in the hands of her husband, in 1148, leaving her eldest son to continue the campaign in England; he eventually succeeded to the throne as Henry II in 1154, forming the Angevin Empire. She settled her court near Rouen and for the rest of her life concerned herself with the administration of Normandy, acting on her son's behalf when necessary. Particularly in the early years of her son's reign, she provided political advice and attempted to mediate during the Becket controversy. She worked extensively with the Church, founding Cistercian monasteries, and was known for her piety. She was buried under the high altar at Bec Abbey after her death in 1167.
  • She was christened on 7 April 1102 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.
  • She held the title of Holy Roman Empress from 7 January 1114 to 23 May 1125.
  • She held the title of Queen of the Romans from 7 January 1114 to 23 May 1125.
  • She held the title of Lady of the English (disputed) from 8 April 1141 to 1148.
  • She is/was my 1st cousin 26x removed

Family: Geoffroy V Plantagenêt, Comte d'Anjou et de Touraine, (b. 24 August 1113, d. 7 September 1151)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
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Euphemia of England

F, #22960, b. July 1101, d. 1101

Biography

  • Euphemia of England was born in July 1101 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.
  • She died in 1101 at age ~0 in Winchester, Hampshire, England.
  • Euphemia of England is/was my 1st cousin 26x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

William, the Conqueror, King of England

M, #22961, b. September 1028, d. 9 September 1087

Biography

  • William, the Conqueror, King of England, was born in September 1028 in Falaise, Calvados, Normandy, France.
  • He died on 9 September 1087 at age ~59 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.
  • He was buried in 1087 in Caen, Normandy, France.

Family: Mathilde de Flandre, Queen of England, (b. about 1031, d. 2 November 1083)

  • Last Edited: 25 February 2022
Family Explorer

Mathilde de Flandre, Queen of England

F, #22962, b. about 1031, d. 2 November 1083

Biography

  • Mathilde de Flandre, Queen of England, was born about 1031 in Flanders, Nord-Pas-De-Calais, France.
  • She died on 2 November 1083 in Caen, Normandy, France.
  • She was buried in Caen, Normandy, France.
  • Mathilde de Flandre, Queen of England, was christened in Caen, Normandy, France.

Family: William, the Conqueror, King of England, (b. September 1028, d. 9 September 1087)

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Geoffroy V Plantagenêt, Comte d'Anjou et de Touraine

M, #22963, b. 24 August 1113, d. 7 September 1151

Biography

  • Geoffroy V Plantagenêt, Comte d'Anjou et de Touraine, was born on 24 August 1113 in Anjou, Isère, Rhône-Alpes, France.
  • He and Matilda, of England, were married on 22 May 1127 in Poitou, France.
  • He died on 7 September 1151 at age 38 in Le Mans, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • He was buried on 14 September 1151 in Le Mans, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • Geoffroy V Plantagenêt, Comte d'Anjou et de Touraine, is/was my spouse of 1st cousin 26x removed

Family: Matilda, of England, (b. 7 February 1102, d. 10 September 1167)

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Guillaume D'Anjou, viscount de Dieppe

M, #22964, b. 22 July 1136, d. 30 January 1164

Biography

  • Guillaume D'Anjou, viscount de Dieppe, was born on 22 July 1136 in Argentan, Basse-Normandie, France.
  • He died on 30 January 1164 at age 27 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.
  • He was buried in Rocquefort, Normandy, France.
  • Guillaume D'Anjou, viscount de Dieppe, is/was my 2nd cousin 25x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Emma d'Anjou

F, #22965, b. circa 1140, d. 1214

Biography

  • Emma d'Anjou was born circa 1140 in Anjou, Isere, Rhone-Alpes, France.
  • She died in 1214 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France.
  • Emma d'Anjou is/was my 2nd cousin 25x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Geoffroy VI D’Anjou, Du Maine et de Nantes

M, #22966, b. 1 June 1134, d. 26 July 1158

Biography

  • Geoffroy VI D’Anjou, Du Maine et de Nantes, was born on 1 June 1134 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.
  • He died on 26 July 1158 at age 24 in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • He was buried in 1158 in Nantes, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • Geoffroy VI D’Anjou, Du Maine et de Nantes, is/was my 2nd cousin 25x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Henry, II King of England

M, #22967, b. 5 March 1133, d. 6 July 1189

Biography

  • Henry, II King of England, was born on 5 March 1133 in Le Mans, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • He and Éléonore d'Aquitaine, Queen of France and England, were married on 11 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France.
  • He died on 6 July 1189 at age 56 in Chinon, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France.
  • He was buried on 8 July 1189 in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • Henry, II King of England, was also known as Henry Curtmantle.
  • He was also known as Henry Court-manteau.
  • He was also known as Henry FitzEmpress.
  • He was also known as Henry Plantagenet.
  • Henry II (5 March 1133 – 6 July 1189), also known as Henry Curtmantle (French: Court-manteau), Henry FitzEmpress or Henry Plantagenet, was King of England from 1154 until his death in 1189. He was the first king of the House of Plantagenet. King Louis VII of France made him Duke of Normandy in 1150. Henry became Count of Anjou and Maine upon the death of his father, Count Geoffrey V, in 1151. His marriage in 1152 to Eleanor of Aquitaine, whose marriage to Louis VII had recently been annulled, made him Duke of Aquitaine. He became Count of Nantes by treaty in 1185. Before he was 40 he controlled England, large parts of Wales, the eastern half of Ireland and the western half of France; an area that was later called the Angevin Empire. At various times, Henry also partially controlled Scotland and the Duchy of Brittany.
    Henry became actively involved by the age of 14 in the efforts of his mother Matilda, daughter of Henry I of England, to claim the throne of England, then occupied by Stephen of Blois. Stephen agreed to a peace treaty after Henry's military expedition to England in 1153, and Henry inherited the kingdom on Stephen's death a year later. Henry was an energetic and ruthless ruler, driven by a desire to restore the lands and privileges of his grandfather Henry I. During the early years of his reign the younger Henry restored the royal administration in England, re-established hegemony over Wales and gained full control over his lands in Anjou, Maine and Touraine. Henry's desire to reform the relationship with the Church led to conflict with his former friend Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury. This controversy lasted for much of the 1160s and resulted in Becket's murder in 1170. Henry soon came into conflict with Louis VII, and the two rulers fought what has been termed a "cold war" over several decades. Henry expanded his empire at Louis's expense, taking Brittany and pushing east into central France and south into Toulouse; despite numerous peace conferences and treaties, no lasting agreement was reached.
    Henry and Eleanor had eight children—three daughters and five sons. Three of his sons would be king, though Henry the Young King was named his father's co-ruler rather than a stand-alone king. As the sons grew up, tensions over the future inheritance of the empire began to emerge, encouraged by Louis and his son King Philip II. In 1173 Henry's heir apparent, "Young Henry", rebelled in protest; he was joined by his brothers Richard (later king) and Geoffrey and by their mother, Eleanor. France, Scotland, Brittany, Flanders, and Boulogne allied themselves with the rebels. The Great Revolt was only defeated by Henry's vigorous military action and talented local commanders, many of them "new men" appointed for their loyalty and administrative skills. Young Henry and Geoffrey revolted again in 1183, resulting in Young Henry's death. The Norman invasion of Ireland provided lands for his youngest son John (later king), but Henry struggled to find ways to satisfy all his sons' desires for land and immediate power. By 1189, Young Henry and Geoffrey were dead, and Philip successfully played on Richard's fears that Henry II would make John king, leading to a final rebellion. Decisively defeated by Philip and Richard and suffering from a bleeding ulcer, Henry retreated to Chinon Castle in Anjou. He died soon afterwards and was succeeded by Richard.
    Henry's empire quickly collapsed during the reign of his son John (who succeeded Richard, in 1199), but many of the changes Henry introduced during his long rule had long-term consequences. Henry's legal changes are generally considered to have laid the basis for the English Common Law, while his intervention in Brittany, Wales, and Scotland shaped the development of their societies and governmental systems. Historical interpretations of Henry's reign have changed considerably over time. Contemporary chroniclers such as Gerald of Wales and William of Newburgh, though sometimes unfavorable, generally lauded his achievements, describing him as "our Alexander of the West" and an "excellent and beneficent prince" respectively. In the 18th century, scholars argued that Henry was a driving force in the creation of a genuinely English monarchy and, ultimately, a unified Britain with David Hume going so far as to characterize Henry as "the greatest prince of his time for wisdom, virtue, and abilities, and the most powerful in extent of dominion of all those who had ever filled the throne of England". During the Victorian expansion of the British Empire, historians were keenly interested in the formation of Henry's own empire, but they also expressed concern over his private life and treatment of Becket. Late-20th-century historians have combined British and French historical accounts of Henry, challenging earlier Anglocentric interpretations of his reign.
  • He held the title of Duke of Normandy from 1150 to 6 July 1189.
  • He held the title of Count of Maine from 1151 to 1189.
  • He held the title of Duke of Aquitaine from 1152 to 1189.
  • He was crowned on 19 December 1154 at Westminster Abbey in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He held the title of King of England from 19 December 1154 to 6 July 1189.
  • He held the title of Count of Nantes from 1158 to 1185.
  • He held the title of Lord of Ireland from 1171 to 1177.
  • He is/was my 2nd cousin 25x removed
Contemporary image of Henry II from the Gospels of Henry the Lion.

Family: Éléonore d'Aquitaine, Queen of France and England, (b. 1123, d. 31 March 1204)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 13 March 2022
Family Explorer

Éléonore d'Aquitaine, Queen of France and England

F, #22968, b. 1123, d. 31 March 1204

Biography

  • Éléonore d'Aquitaine, Queen of France and England, was born in 1123 in Dordogne, France.
  • Henry, II King of England, and she were married on 11 May 1152 in Bordeaux, Aquitaine, France.
  • She died on 31 March 1204 at age ~81 in Poitiers, St-Germain, Vienne, France.
  • She was buried on 8 April 1204 in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • Éléonore d'Aquitaine, Queen of France and England, was christened in 1123 in Maine-Et-Loire, France.
  • She is/was my spouse of 2nd cousin 25x removed

Family: Henry, II King of England, (b. 5 March 1133, d. 6 July 1189)

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile and Toledo

F, #22969, b. 13 October 1162, d. 25 October 1214

Biography

  • Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile and Toledo, was born on 13 October 1162 in Domfront, Orne, Basse-Normandie, France.
  • Alfonso VIII “El Noble” Sanchez, Rey de Castilla, and she were married on 22 September 1177 in Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain.
  • She died on 25 October 1214 at age 52 in Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain.
  • She was buried on 7 November 1214 at Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas in Burgos, Castilla y León, Spain.
  • Eleanor of England, Queen of Castile and Toledo, was christened on 20 October 1162 in Domfront, Orne, Basse-Normandie, France.
  • She held the title of Queen of Castille between 1177 and 1214.
  • She is/was my 3rd cousin 24x removed

Family: Alfonso VIII “El Noble” Sanchez, Rey de Castilla, (b. 11 November 1155, d. 5 October 1214)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 13 March 2022
Family Explorer

Geoffrey of England,, Duke of Brittany

M, #22970, b. 23 September 1158, d. 19 August 1186

Biography

  • Geoffrey of England,, Duke of Brittany, was born on 23 September 1158 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.
  • He died on 19 August 1186 at age 27 in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • He was buried in 1186 in Paris, Ile-de-France, France.
  • Geoffrey of England,, Duke of Brittany, was christened in London, Middlesex, England.
  • He is/was my 3rd cousin 24x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Richard, I King of England

M, #22971, b. 8 September 1157, d. 6 April 1199

Biography

  • Richard, I King of England, was born on 8 September 1157 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.
  • He and Berengaria de Navarre,, Queen of England, were married on 12 May 1191 at St-George, Limassol Castle, in Limassol, Cyprus.
  • He died on 6 April 1199 at age 41 in Châlus, Haute-Vienne, Limousin, France.
  • He was buried on 11 April 1199 in Fontevraud-l'Abbaye, Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • Richard, I King of England, was also known as Richard, The Lionheart.
  • He was also known as Richard, Coeur de Lion.
  • Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and seemed unlikely to become king, but all his brothers except the youngest, John, predeceased their father. Richard is known as Richard Cœur de Lion (Norman French: Le quor de lion) or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. The troubadour Bertran de Born also called him Richard Oc-e-Non (Occitan for Yes and No), possibly from a reputation for terseness.
    By the age of 16, Richard had taken command of his own army, putting down rebellions in Poitou against his father. Richard was an important Christian commander during the Third Crusade, leading the campaign after the departure of Philip II of France and achieving considerable victories against his Muslim counterpart, Saladin, although he finalised a peace treaty and ended the campaign without retaking Jerusalem.
    Richard probably spoke both French and Occitan. He was born in England, where he spent his childhood; before becoming king, however, he lived most of his adult life in the Duchy of Aquitaine, in the southwest of France. Following his accession, he spent very little time, perhaps as little as six months, in England. Most of his life as king was spent on Crusade, in captivity, or actively defending his lands in France. Rather than regarding his kingdom as a responsibility requiring his presence as ruler, he has been perceived as preferring to use it merely as a source of revenue to support his armies. Nevertheless, he was seen as a pious hero by his subjects. He remains one of the few kings of England remembered more commonly by his epithet than his regnal number, and is an enduring iconic figure both in England and in France.
  • He held the title of King of England from 3 September 1189 to 6 April 1199.
  • He is/was my 3rd cousin 24x removed
Richard Cœur de Lion, Carlo Marochetti's 1856 statue of Richard I outside the Palace of Westminster, London

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
Family Explorer

Joan, of England, Queen of Sicily

F, #22972, b. 10 October 1164, d. 4 September 1199

Biography

  • Joan, of England, Queen of Sicily, was born on 10 October 1164 in Angers, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • She died on 4 September 1199 at age 34 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.
  • She was buried in Departement de Maine-et-Loire, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • Joan, of England, Queen of Sicily, was christened from 8 October 1165 to 7 November 1165 in Angers, Pays de la Loire, France.
  • She is/was my 3rd cousin 24x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 25 February 2022
Family Explorer

Matilda, of England, Herzogin von Sachsen

F, #22973, b. 6 June 1156, d. 13 July 1189

Biography

  • Matilda, of England, Herzogin von Sachsen, was born on 6 June 1156 in Windsor, Berkshire, England.
  • Heinrich V der Löwe, Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, and she were married on 1 February 1168.
  • She died on 13 July 1189 at age 33 in Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • She was buried in July 1189 in Braunschweig, Niedersachsen, Germany.
  • Matilda, of England, Herzogin von Sachsen, was christened on 6 June 1156 in London, Middlesex, England.
  • She is/was my 3rd cousin 24x removed

Family: Heinrich V der Löwe, Herzog von Braunschweig-Lüneburg, (b. 1129, d. 6 August 1195)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 13 March 2022
Family Explorer

John, King of England

M, #22974, b. 24 December 1166, d. 19 October 1216

Biography

  • John, King of England, was born on 24 December 1166 in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England.
  • He and Isabelle d'Angoulême, Queen of England, were married on 24 August 1200.
  • He died on 19 October 1216 at age 49 in Newark, Nottinghamshire, England.
  • He was buried after 19 October 1216 in Worcestershire, England.
  • John, King of England, was also known as John Lackland.
  • John (24 December 1166 – 19 October 1216) was King of England from 1199 until his death in 1216. He lost the Duchy of Normandy and most of his other French lands to King Philip II of France, resulting in the collapse of the Angevin Empire and contributing to the subsequent growth in power of the French Capetian dynasty during the 13th century. The baronial revolt at the end of John's reign led to the sealing of Magna Carta, a document sometimes considered an early step in the evolution of the constitution of the United Kingdom.
    John was the youngest of the four surviving sons of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine. He was nicknamed John Lackland because he was not expected to inherit significant lands.[1] He became Henry's favourite child following the failed revolt of 1173–1174 by his brothers Henry the Young King, Richard, and Geoffrey against the King. John was appointed the Lord of Ireland in 1177 and given lands in England and on the continent. John unsuccessfully attempted a rebellion against the royal administrators of his brother, King Richard, whilst Richard was participating in the Third Crusade, but he was proclaimed king after Richard died in 1199. He came to an agreement with Philip II of France to recognise John's possession of the continental Angevin lands at the peace treaty of Le Goulet in 1200.
    When war with France broke out again in 1202, John achieved early victories, but shortages of military resources and his treatment of Norman, Breton, and Anjou nobles resulted in the collapse of his empire in northern France in 1204. He spent much of the next decade attempting to regain these lands, raising huge revenues, reforming his armed forces and rebuilding continental alliances. His judicial reforms had a lasting effect on the English common law system, as well as providing an additional source of revenue. An argument with Pope Innocent III led to John's excommunication in 1209, a dispute he finally settled in 1213. John's attempt to defeat Philip in 1214 failed because of the French victory over John's allies at the battle of Bouvines. When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles. Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215, neither side complied with its conditions. Civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Louis VIII of France. It soon descended into a stalemate. John died of dysentery contracted whilst on campaign in eastern England during late 1216; supporters of his son Henry III went on to achieve victory over Louis and the rebel barons the following year.
    Contemporary chroniclers were mostly critical of John's performance as king, and his reign has since been the subject of significant debate and periodic revision by historians from the 16th century onwards. Historian Jim Bradbury has summarised the current historical opinion of John's positive qualities, observing that John is today usually considered a "hard-working administrator, an able man, an able general".[2] Nonetheless, modern historians agree that he also had many faults as king, including what historian Ralph Turner describes as "distasteful, even dangerous personality traits", such as pettiness, spitefulness, and cruelty.[3] These negative qualities provided extensive material for fiction writers in the Victorian era, and John remains a recurring character within Western popular culture, primarily as a villain in films and stories depicting the Robin Hood legends.
  • He held the title of King of England from 27 May 1199 to 19 October 1216.
  • He held the title of Lord of Ireland from 27 May 1199 to 19 October 1216.
  • He is/was my 3rd cousin 24x removed
Effigy of King John on his monument in Worcester Cathedral

Family: Isabelle d'Angoulême, Queen of England, (b. 19 February 1188, d. 31 May 1246)

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
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Henry,, the Young King of England

M, #22975, b. 28 February 1155, d. 11 June 1183

Biography

  • Henry,, the Young King of England, was born on 28 February 1155 in Bermondsey, Surrey, England.
  • He died on 11 June 1183 at age 28 in Turenne, Corrèze, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France.
  • He was buried in June 1183 in Rouen, Seine-Maritime, Haute-Normandie, France.
  • Henry,, the Young King of England, is/was my 3rd cousin 24x removed

Parents

  • Last Edited: 21 February 2022
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Compiler: Marc Leroux
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